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HMGB1 kit HTRF®

Measures the High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) protein in cell culture medium.

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  • Cell-based Cell-based
  • All inclusive kit All inclusive kit
  • No-wash No-wash

Measures the High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) protein in cell culture medium.

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Overview

In the nucleus, ​High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)  interacts with DNA and histones to determine chromatin structure. Once released, HMGB1 acquires a new role as an alarmin or a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) and is capable of initiating a state of inflammation by binding TLR4 and promoting the production of cytokines.

Necrosis, pyroptosis,  and apoptosis are mechanisms of regulated cell death that have been shown to lead to the release of different forms of HMGB1. In pyroptosis, HMGB1 is released together with IL-1b and IL-18.

HMGB1 is implicated in the pathology of several auto-immune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Benefits

  • Cost-effective alternative to ELISA
  • Homogeneous assay
  • Short incubation time (2h) and minimal hands-on time
  • Detection of the main HMGB1 secreted form (C23-C45 disulfide form)
  • No interference from bovine HMGB1 from 10% FCS suplemented media.

Assay Principle

HMGB1 is measured using a sandwich immunoassay involving two specific anti-HMGB1 antibodies, respectively labeled with an HTRF donor and acceptor dyes. The intensity of the signal is directly proportional to the concentration of HMGB1 present in the sample.




Principle of the HTRF HMGB1 assay

HMGB1 assay protocol

The assay protocol, using a 384-well small volume white plate or a Cisbio low volume 96-well plate (20 µL final), is described on the right. 16µl of cell supernatant, sample, or standard are dispensed directly into the detection plate for detection by HTRF® reagents. The antibodies labeled with HTRF donor and acceptor can be pre-mixed and added in a single dispensing step, to further streamline the assay procedure. The assay can be run in 96- to 384-well plates by simply resizing each addition volume proportionally.

Protocol of the HTRF HMGB1 assay

Product Specifications

Sample size16 µL
Final assay volume20 µL
Time to resultsfrom 2h to Overnight at RT
Kit componentsFrozen standard, frozen detection antibodies, buffers & protocol.
LOD & LOQ (in Diluent)0.2 ng/mL & 0.5 ng/mL
Range0.78 – 50 ng/mL
SpeciesHuman, mouse, and rat
SpecificityNo cross-reactivity with bovine HMGB1

Precision

Intra assay (n=24)

SampleMean [HMGB1]  (ng/mL)CV
12.43.90%
26.64.30%
318.92.80%

Mean CV4.10%

 Each of the 3 samples was measured 24 times, and % CV was calculated for each sample.

Inter assay (n=4)

SampleMean [HMGB1] (ng/mL)Mean (delta ratio)CV
11.5629811%
26.25146813%
325715013%


Mean CV12.3

 Each of the 3 samples was measured 24 times, and % CV was calculated for each sample.

Spike and recovery

Supernatant

ng/mL

spike

ng/mL

Expected ng/mL

Measured ng/mL



% Recovery


4.1

10.9

15.0

13.4

89%


8.2

10.9

19.1

16.1

84%


14.4

10.9

25.3

21.3

84%


HMGB1 standard curve

Recombinant HMGB1 provided in the kit (standard) was serially diluted in diluent #5, following the procedure featured in the kit’s package insert. The HTRF signal, expressed as a delta ratio, was plotted as a function of the HMGB1 concentrations tested.

HMGB1 standard curve

Measuring HMGB1 from necroptosis induced THP-1 cells

To induce necroptosis, THP1 suspension cells were dispensed into a 96-well culture at a density of 400K cells per well in 200 µL of RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L-glutamine, and 25 mM HEPES. In selected wells the caspase inhibition was induced by a 1 h treatment with Z-VAD-FMK (25 µM final). After low speed centrifugation, the medium was carefully withdrawn by gentle aspiration and new medium was added. Following caspase inhibition, TNFα (100 ng/mL final) was added either alone or in combination with the cIAP inhibitor BV-6 (5 µM final) to induce necroptosis. After overnight incubation, the supernatants were collected and tested for the presence of HMGB1, following the instructions listed in the kit’s package insert. Results are presented expressed in concentrations of HMGB1.

Measurement of HMGB1 in a necrptosis assay in THP1 cels

Measuring HMGB1 from pyroptosis induced THP-1 cells

To induce pyropoptosis, THP1 suspension cells were dispensed into a 96-well culture at a density of either 200K or 400K cells per well in 200 µL of RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L-glutamine, and 25 mM HEPES. Priming of the cells was done with a final concentration of 1 µg/mL LPS. After a 3 h priming and low speed centrifugation, the medium was carefully withdrawn by gentle aspiration and new medium was added. In selected wells, Nigericin was added at a final concentration of 8 µM to induce pyroptosis. After overnight incubation, the supernatants were collected and tested for HMGB1, following the instructions listed in the kit’s package insert. Results are presented expressed in concentrations of HMGB1.

Measurement of HMGB1 in a pyroptosis assay in THP1 cels

Pyroptosis & necroptosis HMGB1 signaling pathway

During pyroptosis, HMGB1 secretion is mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome. A first signal, termed 'priming', is typically provided by microbial molecules such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Priming induces NF-κB-dependent expression of NLRP3 and pro-IL1β. A second signal, called 'activation', is provided by danger molecules (such as extracellular ATP) or antibiotics (such as Nigericin). This leads to the activation of the inflammasome, is followed by caspase activation, and finally by  the secretion of HMGB1 together with IL-18 and IL-1β.

During necroptosis, which is a form of necrotic death governed by Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 and 3 (RIPK1, RIPK3), Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like (MLKL), as well as caspase 8, HMGB1 is released and not IL-18 or IL-1β. TNFalpha leads to stimulation of its receptor which recruits TNFR-associated death protein (TRADD), and to TNF receptor-associated factor 2/3 (TRAF2/3) signaling to RIPK1 which in turn recruits RIPK3, thus forming the necrosome complex.

Pyroptosis & necroptosis HMGB1 signaling pathway

HTRF Product Catalog

All your HTRF assays in one document! - Catalog

A guide to Homogeneous Time Resolved Fluorescence

General principles of HTRF - Guides

How HTRF compares to Western Blot and ELISA

Get the brochure about technology comparison. - Brochures

Note about HMGB1 assay

HTRF HMGB1, IL-1β and IL-18 assays discriminate between inflammasome triggered pyroptosis, and necroptosis - Application Notes

An innate and adaptive immunity recap

Insight into the diversity of cells & signaling pathways - Guides

Molecular basis of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration diseases

The essential guide for extending your knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases - Guides

Product Insert HMGB1 Kit / 62HMGPEG-62HMGPEH

62HMGPEG-62HMGPEH - Product Insert

PROTAC assays design at-a-glance

Streamlined set-up and access to multiple read-out options for research in oncology - Application Notes

Plate Reader Requirement

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