EPIgeneous Binding Domain kit A
A kit to assess epigenetic reader domain binding to histones
Total IRS1 cellular kit HTRF®
The HTRF total IRS1 assay enables the detection of cellular IRS1 and can be used as a normalization assay for the phospho-IRS1 kit.
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High sensitivity
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Faster and more convenient than ELISA
Overview
The HTRF total IRS1 assay is designed to be used as a normalization assay with our Phospho-IRS1 kits. Total IRS1 assay is optimal to monitor insulin resistance. IRS1 is a relevant marker for insulin resistance, tumor development, and metastatic progression. It is associated with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cancer.
Benefits
- HUMAN, MOUSE & RAT CELL COMPATIBLE
- PRECISION
Total-IRS1 assay principle
The total IRS1 assay quantifies the expression level of IRS1 in a cell lysate. Contrary to Western Blot, the assay is entirely plate-based and does not require gels, electrophoresis or transfer. The total IRS1 assay uses two labeled antibodies: one coupled to a donor fluorophore, the other to an acceptor. Both antibodies are highly specific for a distinct epitope on the protein. In presence of IRS1 in a cell extract, the addition of these conjugates brings the donor fluorophore into close proximity with the acceptor and thereby generates a FRET signal. Its intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of the protein present in the sample, and provides a means of assessing the proteins expression under a no-wash assay format.
Total-IRS1 2-plate assay protocol
The 2 plate protocol involves culturing cells in a 96-well plate before lysis then transferring lysates to a 384-well low volume detection plate before adding Total IRS1 HTRF detection reagents. This protocol enables the cells' viability and confluence to be monitored.
Total-IRS1 1-plate assay protocol
Detection of total IRS1 with HTRF reagents can be performed in a single plate used for culturing, stimulation and lysis. No washing steps are required. This HTS designed protocol enables miniaturization while maintaining robust HTRF quality.
Total IRS1 assay validation on C2C12 mouse myotubes
C2C12 cells were cultured until 100% confluency was reached. They were then cultured for 7 days in 2% horse serum media to induce the differentiation. After a starvation step in serum-free medium, cells were treated with a cocktail of pro-inflammatory cytokines and/or Insulin. After cell supernatant removal, cells were lysed with 1.5 mL of supplemented lysis buffer #1 for 30 min at RT under gentle agitation. 16 µL of lysate were then transferred into a 384-well low volume white microplate for HTRF detection using the phospho- and total IRS1 kit reagents.
Total IRS1 assay validation on 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes
3T3-L1 cells were cultured in medium with 10% newborn calf serum. They were then cultured for 7 days in medium containing 10% FCS, insulin, dexamethasone, IBMX and µM thiazolidinedione to induce differentiation from fibroblasts to adipocytes. After an overnight starvation step in serum-free medium, the cells were treated with 100 nM insulin for 45 min or with a cocktail of pro-inflammatory cytokines for 30 min. After cell supernatant removal, cells were lysed and transferred into a 384-well low volume white microplate for HTRF detection using the phospho- and total IRS1 kit reagents (Samples were kindly provided by JF Tantis research team, UMR INSERM U1065/UNS, C3M, Nice, France).
Total IRS1 assay validation on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells
50,000 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were plated in a 96-well plate in complete culture medium, and incubated for 24h at 37°C, 5% CO2. Increasing concentrations of Insulin were added and incubated for 45 min at 37°C. After cell culture medium removal, cells were lysed with 50 µL of lysis buffer for 30 min at RT under gentle shaking. 16 µL of lysate were then transferred into a 384-well sv white microplate for detection of phospho-IRS1 Ser 312 and total IRS1, using 4 µL of the HTRF detection reagents.
Phospho-IRS1 assay validation on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells
50,000 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were plated in a 96-well plate in complete culture medium, and incubated for 24h at 37°C, 5% CO2. Increasing concentrations of Insulin were added and incubated for 45 min at 37°C. After cell culture medium removal, cells were lysed with 50 µL of lysis buffer for 30 min at RT under gentle shaking. 16 µL of lysate were then transferred into a 384-well sv white microplate for detection of phospho-IRS1 Ser 312 and total IRS1, using 4 µL of the HTRF detection reagents.
IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Modulation of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Inhibition of the pathway. While tyrosine-phosphorylated IRS-1 positively regulates insulin signaling, serine phosphorylation generally serves as negative feedback to down-regulate IRS-1 function. Increased serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 represents a hallmark of insulin resistance in adipose tissue and skeletal muscles. Binding of Insulin or IGF-1 to the extracellular a-subunits of the IR or IGF-1R triggers autophosphorylation of the transmembrane ß-subunits of the receptor, thus activating it. IRS1/AKT pathway activation plays a critical role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. AKT also activates mTOR that mediates cell growth and survival, as well as protein synthesis. IRS1 downregulation is a relevant diabetic marker while overexpression is associated with metastatic growth and cancers.
Activation of the pathway. Binding of Insulin or IGF-1 to the extracellular a-subunits of the IR or IGF-1R (or to hybrids of both receptors) triggers autophosphorylation of the transmembrane ß-subunits of the receptor. IRS-1 is then recruited by the activated tyrosine kinase receptor and phosphorylated on multiple tyrosine residues, creating a docking site for PI3K at the membrane. The PI3K pathway is then activated with downstream phosphorylations of AKT, followed by AS160, GSK3 and FoxO1, leading respectively to GLUT4 translocation/glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis and inhibition of gluconeogenesis. Thus, the IRS1/AKT pathway activation plays a critical role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. AKT also activates mTOR that mediates cell growth and survival, as well as protein synthesis.
Related disorders
IRS1 phosphorylation and degradation, which lead to the inactivation of the Insulin/IRS1 pathway, make it a relevant marker for insulin resistance in skeletal muscles cells and adipocytes, while upregulation of the IGF-1/IRS1 pathway upon IRS1 overexpression, is a readout for tumor development and metastatic progression.
Best practices for analyzing brain samples with HTRF® phospho assays for neurosciences
Insider Tips for successful sample treatment - Technical Notes
Optimize your HTRF cell signaling assays on tissues
HTRF and WB compatible guidelines - Technical Notes
Best practices for analyzing tumor xenografts with HTRF phospho assays
Protocol for tumor xenograft analysis with HTRF - Technical Notes
Key guidelines to successful cell signaling experiments
Mastering the art of cell signaling assays optimization - Guides
Multi-tissue cellular modeling and anlysis of insulin signaling - Posters
HTRF® cell signaling platform combined with iCell® Hepatocytes
A solution for phospho-protein analysis in metabolic disorders - Posters
HTRF phospho-assays reveal subtle drug-induced effects
Detailed protocol and direct comparison with WB - Posters
A single technology for 2D cells, 3D cells, and xenograft models - Posters
PI3K/AKT/mTor translational control pathway - Posters
Universal HTRF® phospho-protein platform: from 2D, 3D, primary cells to patient derived tumor cells
Analysis of a large panel of diverse biological samples and cellular models - Posters
From 2D, 3D cell cultures to xenografts: A smart HTRF platform to maximize anticancer drug discovery
One technology across all samples - Application Notes
HTRF phospho assays reveal subtle drug induced effects in tumor-xenografts
Tumor xenograft analysis: HTRF versus Western blot - Application Notes
HTRF cell-based phospho-protein data normalization
Valuable guidelines for efficiently analyzing and interpreting results - Application Notes
HTRF phospho-total lysis buffer: a universal alternative to RIPA lysis buffers
Increased flexibility of phospho-assays - Application Notes
HTRF Alpha-tubulin Housekeeping kit
Properly interpret your compound effect - Application Notes
Simplified pathway dissection with HTRF phospho-assays and CyBi-felix liquid handling
Analyse of PI3K/AKT/mTor translational control pathway - Application Notes
How to run a cell based phospho HTRF assay
What to expect at the bench - Videos
Cell-based kinase assays in HTS ? potential and limitations for primary and secondary screening
In collaboration with Bayer - Scientific Presentations
Unleash the potential of your phosphorylation research with HTRF
A fun video introducing you to phosphorylation assays with HTRF - Videos
How to run a cell based phospho HTRF assay
3' video to set up your Phospho assay - Videos
All your HTRF assays in one document! - Catalog
A guide to Homogeneous Time Resolved Fluorescence
General principles of HTRF - Guides
How HTRF compares to Western Blot and ELISA
Get the brochure about technology comparison. - Brochures
HTRF cellular phospho-protein assays
Physiologically relevant results fo fast flowing research - Flyers
Product Insert IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEG-64NRSPEH
64NRSPEG-64NRSPEH - Product Insert
Guidelines for Cell Culture and Lysis in Different Formats Prior to HTRF Detection
Seeding and lysing recommendations for a number of cell culture vessels. - Technical Notes
Assessment of drug efficacy and toxicity by combining innovative technologies
Combination of AlphaLISA®, HTRF®, or AlphaLISA® SureFire® Ultra™ immunoassays with the ATPlite™ 1step cell viability assay - Application Notes
Methodological Aspects of Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF)
Learn how to reduce time and sample consumption - Application Notes
Safety Data Sheet (DEU) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEG
64NRSPEG - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ELL) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEG
64NRSPEG - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (FRA-FR) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEG
64NRSPEG - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ITA) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEG
64NRSPEG - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (SPA) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEG
64NRSPEG - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ENG-GB) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEG
64NRSPEG - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ENG-US) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEG
64NRSPEG - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ELL) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEH
64NRSPEH - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (FRA-FR) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEH
64NRSPEH - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ITA) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEH
64NRSPEH - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (SPA) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEH
64NRSPEH - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ENG-GB) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEH
64NRSPEH - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ENG-US) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEH
64NRSPEH - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (DEU) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEH
64NRSPEH - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (DEU) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEY
64NRSPEY - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ELL) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEY
64NRSPEY - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (FRA-FR) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEY
64NRSPEY - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ITA) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEY
64NRSPEY - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (SPA) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEY
64NRSPEY - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ENG-GB) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEY
64NRSPEY - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ENG-US) IRS1 total kit / 64NRSPEY
64NRSPEY - Safety Data Sheet
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