HMGB1 kit
Total RIPK1 Cellular Kit HTRF®
-
No-wash
-
High sensitivity
-
All inclusive kit
-
Low sample consumption
Overview
The Total-RIPK1 cellular assay monitors total RIPK1, and can be used as a normalization assay with the Phospho-RIPK1 (Ser166) kit. This kit is compatible with the buffers from the phospho-RIPK1 kit, so the same lysate can be used for analyses of both the phosphorylated and the total protein populations.
RIPK1 (Receptor-Interacting serine/threonine-Protein Kinase 1 , also called RIP1 or RIP) is a key mediator of apoptotic and necrotic cell death, as well as for inflammatory pathways downstream of TNFR1 and other receptors. RIPK1 autophosphorylation at Serine 166 is considered to be a biomarker of the initiation of RIPK3/MLKL-dependent necroptosis.
Necroptosis is a programmed necrotic cell death pathway, also called "inflammatory cell death", which is closely associated with pathologies including inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as cancer. RIPK1 has therefore become an important drug target in the pharmaceutical industry. Therapeutic strategies consist in developing specific small-molecule kinase inhibitors, such as the well-known Necrostatin-1 and Necrostatin-1s.
Benefits
- SPECIFICITY
- PRECISION
- DATA NORMALIZATION
Total-RIPK1 assay principle
The HTRF Total-RIPK1 assay quantifies the expression level of RIPK1 in a cell lysate. Unlike Western Blot, the assay is entirely plate-based and does not require gels, electrophoresis, or transfer. The Total-RIPK1 assay uses two labeled antibodies: one coupled to a donor fluorophore, the other to an acceptor. Both antibodies are highly specific for a distinct epitope on the protein. In presence of RIPK1 in a cell extract, the addition of these conjugates brings the donor fluorophore into close proximity with the acceptor, and thereby generates a FRET signal. Its intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of the protein present in the sample, and provides a means of assessing the protein’s expression under a no-wash assay format.
Total-RIPK1 two-plate assay protocol
The two-plate protocol involves culturing cells in a 96-well plate before lysis, then transferring lysates to a 384-well low volume detection plate before the addition of Total-RIPK1 HTRF detection reagents. This protocol enables the cells' viability and confluence to be monitored.
Total-RIPK1 one-plate assay protocol
Detection of Total-RIPK1 with HTRF reagents can be performed in a single plate used for culturing, stimulation, and lysis. No washing steps are required. This HTS designed protocol enables miniaturization while maintaining robust HTRF quality.
Modulation of RIPK1 kinase activity in RT-112/84 cells
The human bladder cancer cell line RT-112/84 was seeded in a 96-well culture-treated plate under 200,000 cells/well in complete culture medium, and incubated overnight at 37 °C, 5% CO2. For RIPK1 activation experiments, the cells were pre-treated with 25 µM Z-VAD (pan-caspase inhibitor) for 30 minutes before the simultaneous addition of SM-164 (cIAP1/2 inhibitor) at 100 nM and human TNF-α at various concentrations for 6 hours. For RIPK1 inhibition experiments, the cells were pre-treated with 25 µM Z-VAD for 20 minutes before the addition of increasing doses of Necrostatin-1s. After 10 additional minutes, a pre-mix containing 100 ng/mL TNF-α and 100 nM SM-164 was added for 6h. After treatment, the cells were lyzed with 50 µL of supplemented lysis buffer #1 for 30 minutes at RT under gentle shaking. For the detection step, 16 µL of cell lysate were transferred into a 384-well low volume white microplate, and 4 µL of the HTRF Phospho-RIPK1 (Ser166) or Total-RIPK1 detection reagents were added. The HTRF signal was recorded after an overnight incubation.
In the presence of SM-164 and Z-VAD, that block cell survival and apoptosis respectively, TNF-α induces a dose-dependent increase in RIPK1 autophosphorylation at Ser166, highlighting the activation of the necroptosis pathway. In accordance with the literature (1,2), the total RIPK1 level is inversely modulated due to the association of RIPK1 with other necroptotic partners ('complex IIb') and the formation of a highly insoluble structure that remains in the insoluble fraction of the cell lysate.
As expected, the RIPK1 inhibitor Necrostatin-1s prevents TNF-α-induced necroptosis initiation, by blocking RIPK1 autophosphorylation.
For both experiments, the level of alpha-tubulin was also monitored. The results show unchanged levels of the housekeeping protein, demonstrating that the modulations observed on Phospho- and Total RIPK1 are induced by the pharmacological treatments, and are not caused by cell detachment that can happen during late stages of necroptosis.
(1) Zhu et al. Cell Death and Disease (2018) 9:500
(2) Lee et al. Cell Death and Disease (2019) 10:923
Prevention of necroptosis activation in HT-29 cells using RIPK1 inhibitors
The human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29 was seeded in a 96-well culture-treated plate under 100,000 cells/well in complete culture medium, and incubated overnight at 37 °C, 5% CO2. The cells were pre-treated with 25 µM Z-VAD for 20 minutes before the addition of increasing doses of Necrostatin-1s or Necrostatin-1. After 10 additional minutes, a pre-mix containing 100 ng/mL TNF-α and 100 nM SM-164 was added for 6h. After treatment, the cells were lyzed with 50 µL of supplemented lysis buffer #1 for 30 minutes at RT under gentle shaking. For the detection step, 16 µL of cell lysate were transferred into a 384-well low volume white microplate, and 4 µL of the HTRF Phospho-RIPK1 (Ser166) or Total-RIPK1 detection reagents were added. The HTRF signal was recorded after an overnight incubation.
The RIPK1 inhibitor Necrostatin-1 and its analog Necrostatin-1s both induce a dose-dependent decrease in RIPK1 autophosphorylation at Ser166, and inversely a dose-dependent increase in total RIPK1 in the soluble fraction of the cell lysate. As expected, Necrostatin-1s is more potent than the original small molecule, based on the IC50 and EC50 values obtained on Phospho- and Total RIPK1 that are ~ 3 times better than with Necrostatin-1.
Inhibition of RIPK1 kinase activity in SH-SY5Y cells using Necrostatin-1s
The human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was seeded in a 96-well culture-treated plate under 200,000 cells/well in complete culture medium, and incubated overnight at 37 °C, 5% CO2. The cells were pre-treated with 25 µM Z-VAD for 20 minutes before the addition of increasing doses of Necrostatin-1s. After 10 additional minutes, a pre-mix containing 100 ng/mL TNF-α and 100 nM SM-164 was added for 6h. After treatment, the cells were lyzed with 25 µL of supplemented lysis buffer #1 for 30 minutes at RT under gentle shaking. For the detection step, 16 µL of cell lysate were transferred into a 384-well low volume white microplate, and 4 µL of the HTRF Phospho-RIPK1 (Ser166) or Total-RIPK1 detection reagents were added. The HTRF signal was recorded after an overnight incubation.
Necrostatin-1s is also able to prevent the initiation of the necroptosis pathway in neuronal cells, as indicated by the inhibition of RIPK1 autophosphorylation at Ser166. In this cell line model, no modulation of Total RIPK1 was observed.
HTRF Total RIPK1 assay compared to Western Blot
The human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29 was cultured in a T175 flask in complete culture medium for 48h at 37°C, 5% CO2. The cells were pre-treated with 25 µM Z-VAD for 30 minutes, before the simultaneous addition of SM-164 at 100 nM and human TNF-α at 100 ng/mL for 6 hours. After treatment, the cells were lyzed with 3 mL of supplemented lysis buffer #1 for 30 minutes at RT under gentle shaking.
Serial dilutions of the cell lysate were performed using supplemented lysis buffer, and 16 µL of each dilution were transferred into a low volume white microplate before the addition of 4 µL of HTRF total RIPK1 detection reagents. Equal amounts of lysates were used for a side-by-side comparison between HTRF and Western Blot.
Using the HTRF total RIPK1 assay, 3,120 cells/well were enough to detect a significant signal, while 25,000 cells were needed to obtain a minimal chemiluminescent signal using Western Blot. Therefore, in these conditions, the HTRF total RIPK1 assay was 8 times more sensitive than the Western Blot technique.
RIPK1 Signaling Pathway
RIPK1 is a master regulator of cell fate-decisions by governing cell survival, apoptosis, and necroptosis pathways.
Upon binding of TNF-α to TNFR1, the receptor triggers the rapid formation of complex I at the cytoplasmic membrane by recruiting multiple proteins, including RIPK1, TRADD, TRAF2, and the cellular inhibitors of apoptosis 1 and 2 (cIAP1/2). cIAP1/2 catalyze the polyubiquitination of RIPK1, leading to the recruitment of IKKα and IKKβ and the activation of the NF-κB pro-survival pathway.
In the absence of cIAP1/2, RIPK1 is released from TNFR1, and associates with FADD and caspase 8 to form the cytosolic complex IIa responsible for caspase 8-dependent cell apoptosis.
When caspase 8 activity is inhibited or under pathological conditions, RIPK1 interacts with RIPK3 and MLKL to form the cytosolic complex IIb (also called 'necrosome') which is involved in the initiation of necroptosis. The activation of RIPK1 by autophosphorylation at Ser166 is essential to this complex, and triggers RIPK3 and MLKL activation by phosphorylation. MLKL is the most downstream effector of necroptosis: the protein oligomerizes and translocates to the plasma membrane, leading to cell membrane rupture and therelease of DAMPs.
HTRF cellular phospho-protein assays
Physiologically relevant results fo fast flowing research - Flyers
Best practices for analyzing brain samples with HTRF® phospho assays for neurosciences
Insider Tips for successful sample treatment - Technical Notes
Optimize your HTRF cell signaling assays on tissues
HTRF and WB compatible guidelines - Technical Notes
Best practices for analyzing tumor xenografts with HTRF phospho assays
Protocol for tumor xenograft analysis with HTRF - Technical Notes
Key guidelines to successful cell signaling experiments
Mastering the art of cell signaling assays optimization - Guides
Multi-tissue cellular modeling and anlysis of insulin signaling - Posters
HTRF® cell signaling platform combined with iCell® Hepatocytes
A solution for phospho-protein analysis in metabolic disorders - Posters
HTRF phospho-assays reveal subtle drug-induced effects
Detailed protocol and direct comparison with WB - Posters
A single technology for 2D cells, 3D cells, and xenograft models - Posters
PI3K/AKT/mTor translational control pathway - Posters
Universal HTRF® phospho-protein platform: from 2D, 3D, primary cells to patient derived tumor cells
Analysis of a large panel of diverse biological samples and cellular models - Posters
From 2D, 3D cell cultures to xenografts: A smart HTRF platform to maximize anticancer drug discovery
One technology across all samples - Application Notes
HTRF phospho assays reveal subtle drug induced effects in tumor-xenografts
Tumor xenograft analysis: HTRF versus Western blot - Application Notes
HTRF cell-based phospho-protein data normalization
Valuable guidelines for efficiently analyzing and interpreting results - Application Notes
HTRF phospho-total lysis buffer: a universal alternative to RIPA lysis buffers
Increased flexibility of phospho-assays - Application Notes
HTRF Alpha-tubulin Housekeeping kit
Properly interpret your compound effect - Application Notes
Simplified pathway dissection with HTRF phospho-assays and CyBi-felix liquid handling
Analyse of PI3K/AKT/mTor translational control pathway - Application Notes
How to run a cell based phospho HTRF assay
What to expect at the bench - Videos
Cell-based kinase assays in HTS ? potential and limitations for primary and secondary screening
In collaboration with Bayer - Scientific Presentations
Unleash the potential of your phosphorylation research with HTRF
A fun video introducing you to phosphorylation assays with HTRF - Videos
How to run a cell based phospho HTRF assay
3' video to set up your Phospho assay - Videos
Product Insert RIPK1 total Kit / 64RIPK1TPEG-64RIPK1TPEH
64RIPK1TPEG-64RIPK1TPEH - Product Insert
Guidelines for Cell Culture and Lysis in Different Formats Prior to HTRF Detection
Seeding and lysing recommendations for a number of cell culture vessels. - Technical Notes
Assessment of drug efficacy and toxicity by combining innovative technologies
Combination of AlphaLISA®, HTRF®, or AlphaLISA® SureFire® Ultra™ immunoassays with the ATPlite™ 1step cell viability assay - Application Notes
Methodological Aspects of Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF)
Learn how to reduce time and sample consumption - Application Notes
Safety Data Sheet (DEU) RIPK1 total Kit / 64RIPK1TPEG
64RIPK1TPEG - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ELL) RIPK1 total Kit / 64RIPK1TPEG
64RIPK1TPEG - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (FRA-FR) RIPK1 total Kit / 64RIPK1TPEG
64RIPK1TPEG - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ITA) RIPK1 total Kit / 64RIPK1TPEG
64RIPK1TPEG - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (SPA) RIPK1 total Kit / 64RIPK1TPEG
64RIPK1TPEG - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ENG-GB) RIPK1 total Kit / 64RIPK1TPEG
64RIPK1TPEG - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ENG-US) RIPK1 total Kit / 64RIPK1TPEG
64RIPK1TPEG - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (DEU) RIPK1 total Kit / 64RIPK1TPEH
64RIPK1TPEH - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ELL) RIPK1 total Kit / 64RIPK1TPEH
64RIPK1TPEH - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (FRA-FR) RIPK1 total Kit / 64RIPK1TPEH
64RIPK1TPEH - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ITA) RIPK1 total Kit / 64RIPK1TPEH
64RIPK1TPEH - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (SPA) RIPK1 total Kit / 64RIPK1TPEH
64RIPK1TPEH - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ENG-GB) RIPK1 total Kit / 64RIPK1TPEH
64RIPK1TPEH - Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (ENG-US) RIPK1 total Kit / 64RIPK1TPEH
64RIPK1TPEH - Safety Data Sheet
Plate Reader Requirement
Choosing the right microplate reader ensures you’ll get an optimal readout. Discover our high performance reader, or verify if your lab equipment is going to be compatible with this detection technology.
Let's find your readerYou might be interested in